IPv4, known as Internet Protocol version 4 which defines IP addresses in a 32-bit format, is the most popular Internet Protocol version across the globe. ZStack flat networks support the IPv4 protocol. This topic mainly describes the basic deployment of IPv4 flat networks.

1. Create an L2 network corresponded by an IPv4 flat network, and attach this L2 network to the corresponding cluster.
   In the navigation pane of the ZStack Private Cloud UI, choose Network Resource > L2 Network Resource > L2 Network. On the L2 Network page, click Create L2 Network. On the displayed Create L2 Network page, set the following parameters by referring to IPv4 Flat Network Configuration:

   • Name: Enter a name for the L2 flat network.
   • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L2 flat network.
   • Type: Select L2NoVlanNetwork.
   • Physical NIC: Enter a name for the physical NIC, such as em01.
   • Enable SR-IOV: Choose whether to enable SR-IOV.
     • By default, this checkbox is unchecked, which means that SR-IOV is disabled for the L2 flat network and is also disabled for the corresponding L3 network.
     • If checked, SR-IOV is enabled. You can also enable SR-IOV for the corresponding L3 network. In this case, make sure that the physical NICs used by the L2 flat network are virtually split via SR-IOV.
   • Cluster: Select a cluster, such as Cluster-1.

   Click OK to complete creating the L2 flat network, as shown in Create L2 Flat Network.

   
   
   

2. Create an L3 network corresponded by an IPv4 flat network, and enter the corresponding IP range, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS.
   In the navigation pane of the ZStack Private Cloud UI, choose Network Resource > L3 Network > Private Network. On the Private Network page, click Create Private Network. On the displayed Create Private Network page, set the following parameters by referring to IPv4 Flat Network Configuration:

   • Name: Enter a name for the L3 flat network.
   • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L3 flat network.
   • L2 Network: Select an L2 flat network that you created.
   • Stop DHCP server: Choose whether to enable the DHCP service.
     Note:

     • By default, this checkbox is unchecked, which means that the DHCP service is enabled, and IP addresses will be automatically assigned to VM instances. In this case, you can customize a DHCP IP address, or let the system randomly specify a DHCP IP address.
     • If selected, the DHCP service will be disabled, which means that VM instances that use this network cannot obtain IP addresses automatically, and need to be configured manually with IP addresses. In that case, you cannot customize the DHCP IP address. In addition, the system cannot randomly specify a DHCP IP address.
   • Network Type: Select Flat network.
   • Add IP Range: Select IPv4 and IP Range.
     Note: ZStack supports two types of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6. A network range can be IP range or CIDR. For the purpose of this Tutorial, IPv4 address and IP range are taken as an example.
   • Start IP: Enter a start IP address, such as 172.20.108.40.
   • End IP: Enter an end IP address, such as 172.20.108.50.
   • Netmask: Enter a netmask, such as 255.255.0.0.
   • Gateway: Enter a gateway such as 172.20.0.1.
   • DHCP IP: Optional. Enter a DHCP IP address as needed.
     Note:

     • If you create an L3 network and enable the DHCP service for the first time, or if you add the first IP range for the L3 network that has enabled the DHCP service, you can customize the DHCP IP address.
     • If the L3 network has a DHCP IP address, you cannot customize the DHCP IP address when you add an IP range.
     • The DHCP IP address can be included or excluded in or from the added IP range. However, the DHCP IP address must be within the CIDR to which the added IP range belongs, and must not be occupied.
     • The IP range specified within the start IP address and end IP address cannot contain IP addresses of the link-local address (169.254.0.0/16).
     • If not specified, the system will randomly specify an IP address within the IP range that you added.
   • DNS: Optional. Enter a DNS, such as 114.114.114.114.

   Click OK to complete creating the L3 flat network, as shown in Create L3 Flat Network.

   
   
   

   
   
   

3. Create a Private Cloud VM instance by using this IPv4 flat network.
   In the navigation pane of the ZStack Private Cloud UI, choose Resource Pool > VM Instance. On the VM Instance page, click Create VM Instance. On the displayed Create VM Instance page, set the following parameters:

   • Add Type: Select Single.
     Note: To create VM instances in bulk, select Multiple, and enter the VM count.
   • Name: Enter a name for the Private Cloud VM instance, such as VM-1.
   • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the VM instance.
   • Instance Offering: Select an instance offering that you selected.
   • Image: Select an image that you added.
   • Network: Select an IPv4 flat network.

   Click OK to complete creating the Private Cloud VM instance, as shown in Create VM-1.

   
   
   

   Similarly, use the flat network to create another VM instance, such as VM-2.

4. Validate the connectivity of this IPv4 flat network.

   Expected result: The two VM instances (such as VM-1 and VM-2) on the same network range can communicate with each other.

   Validate the connectivity:

   • Log in to VM-1 and validate whether VM-1 can ping VM-2, as shown in VM-1 Pings VM-2.

     
     
     

   • Log in to VM-2 and validate whether VM-2 can ping VM-1, as shown in VM-2 Pings VM-1.

     
     
     

   So far, we have introduced the basic deployments of the IPv4 flat network.

IPv6 is Internet Protocol version 6 that defines IP addresses in a 128-bit format. IPv6 resolves the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion, so many devices can be connected to the Internet. ZStack flat networks support the IPv6 protocol. This topic describes the basic deployment of IPv6 flat networks.

1. Create an L2 network corresponded by an IPv6 flat network, and attach this L2 network to the corresponding cluster.
   In the navigation pane of the ZStack Private Cloud UI, choose Network Resource > L2 Network Resource > L2 Network. On the L2 Network page, click Create L2 Network. On the displayed Create L2 Network page, set the following parameters by referring to IPv6 Flat Network Configuration:

   • Name: Enter a name for the L2 flat network, such as L2-IPv6-Flat Network.
   • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L2 flat network.
   • Type: Select L2VlanNetwork.
   • VLAN ID: Enter a VLAN ID, such as 2002.
   • Physical NIC: Enter a name for the physical NIC, such as em1.
   • Enable SR-IOV: Choose whether to enable SR-IOV. Currently, SR-IOV is not supported by IPv6 L3 networks.
   • Cluster: Select a cluster attached by the NIC, such as Cluster-1.

   Click OK to complete creating the L2-IPv6-Flat Network, as shown in Create L2-IPv6-Flat Network.

   
   
   

2. Create an L3 network corresponded by the IPv6 flat network.
   In the navigation pane of the ZStack Private Cloud UI, choose Network Resource > L3 Network > Private Network. On the Private Network page, click Create Private Network. On the displayed Create Private Network page, set the following parameters by referring to IPv6 Flat Network Configuration.

   • Name: Enter a name for the L3 network, such as L3-IPv6-Flat Network.
   • Description: Optional. Enter a description for the L3 flat network.
   • L2 Network: Select an L2 flat network that you created, such as L2-IPv6-Flat Network.
   • Stop DHCP server: Choose whether to enable the DHCP service.
     Note:

     • By default, this checkbox is unchecked, which means that the DHCP service is enabled, and IP addresses will be automatically assigned to VM instances. In this case, you can customize a DHCP IP address, or let the system randomly specify a DHCP IP address.
     • If selected, the DHCP service will be disabled, which means that VM instances that use this network cannot obtain IP addresses automatically, and need to be configured manually with IP addresses. In that case, you cannot customize the DHCP IP address. In addition, the system cannot randomly specify a DHCP IP address.
   • Network Type: Select Flat network.
   • vRouter Offering: Leave this field unspecified. IPv6 flat networks do not support the load balancing service.
   • Add IP Range: To add a network range, set the following parameters:
     • IP Address Type: Select IPv6.
     • Method: Select IP Range.
       Note: IPv6 supports IP Range and CIDR. The following are the supported formats:

       • Colon hexadecimal notation: X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X. Specifically, each X is a 16-bit section that can be represented with hexadecimal digits, such as 234e:0:4567:0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff.
       • Zero compression: If a long range of the number 0 is included in an IPv6 address, this continuous range of 0 can be compressed into ::. However, to ensure the uniqueness of address resolutions, :: in the address can only be appeared once, such as 234e:0:4567::2.
       • CIDR notation: X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X/N. Specifically, N represents the prefix length.
     • Mode: Select Stateful-DHCP.
       Note: IPv6 supports the following IP allocations:

       • Stateful-DHCP: Stateful DHCP configurations, which means that interface addresses and other parameters are all configured via the DHCP protocol. Only the IP Range method supports this allocation.
       • Stateless-DHCP: Stateless DHCP configurations, which means that interface addresses are automatically deduced via prefixes of routing advertisements, while other parameters are configured via the DHCP protocol.
       • SLAAC: Stateless address autoconfigurations, which means that interface addresses are automatically deduced via prefixes of routing advertisements, while other parameters are attached in the routing advertisements.
     • Start IP: Enter a start IP for the L3 network, such as 234e:0:4567::2.
     • End IP: Enter an end IP for the L3 network, such as 234e:0:4567:0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff.
     • Prefix Length: Enter a prefix length for the L3 network, such as 64. Range: 64-126.
     • Gateway: Enter a gateway for the L3 network, such as 234e:0:4567::1.
     • DHCP IP: Optional. Enter a DHCP IP address, such as 234e:0:4567::3.
       Note:

       • If you create an L3 network and enable the DHCP service for the first time, or if you add the first IP range for the L3 network that has enabled the DHCP service, you can customize the DHCP IP address.
       • If the L3 network has a DHCP IP address, you cannot customize the DHCP IP address when you add an IP range.
       • The DHCP IP address can be included or excluded in or from the added IP range. However, the DHCP IP address must be within the CIDR to which the added IP range belongs, and must not be occupied.
       • The IP range specified within the start IP address and end IP address cannot contain IP addresses of the link-local address (169.254.0.0/16).
       • If not specified, the system will randomly specify an IP address within the IP range that you added.
   • DNS: Set a DNS address for the L3 network. If null, the DNS address defaults to 240c::6644.

   Click OK to complete creating the L3-IPv6-Flat Network, as shown in Create L3-IPv6-Flat Network.

   
   
   

   
   
   

3. Create two VM instances by using the IPv6 flat network.
   In the navigation pane of the ZStack Private Cloud UI, choose Resource Pool > VM Instance. On the VM Instance page, click Create VM Instance. On the displayed Create VM Instance page, set the following parameters (Take multiple VM instances as an example),

   • Add Type: Select Multiple.
   • Create Count: Enter 2.
   • Name: Enter a name for these two VM instances, such as VM.
   • Description: Optional. Enter a description for these VM instances.
   • Instance Offering: Select an instance offering for these VM instances.
   • Image: Select an image for these VM instances.
   • Network: Select the L3 flat network with IPv6, such as L3-IPv6-Flat-Network.

   Click OK to complete creating these two VM instances with IPv6 networks, as shown in Create VM Instance.

   
   
   

4. Obtain IPv6 addresses of the VM instances.
   By default, ZStack can automatically obtain IP addresses for the IPv4 network, while you must manually configure IP addresses for VM instances that use the IPv6 network. Open the consoles of these two VM instances respectively, and run the following commands to obtain IPv6 addresses:

   -bash-4.2# dhclient -6 eth0  # eth0 is the NIC name.

   Note: The address that begins with FE80 is the link-local address instead of the expected address.

   Obtain the IPv6 addresses, as shown in Obtain IPv6 Address

   
   
   

   In this scenario, you will obtain the following IPv6 addresses:

   • VM-1 IP address: 234e:0:4567::63:ab4d
   • VM-2 IP address: 234e:0:4567::31:3c6e
5. Validate the connectivity of the IPv6 flat network.

   Expected result: The two VM instances (such as VM-1 and VM-2) on the same network range can communicate with each other.

   Validate the connectivity:

   • Log in to VM-1 and validate whether VM-1 can ping VM-2, as shown in VM-1 Pings VM-2.

     
     
     

   • Log in to VM-2 and validate whether VM-2 can ping VM-1, as shown in VM-2 Pings VM-1.

     
     
     

   So far, we have introduced the basic deployments of the IPv6 flat network.